The latest research from the University of Exeter has unveiled that azimuthal trackers significantly enhance the performance of floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems, offering a promising solution to the UK’s renewable energy challenges. This study, which evaluated single-axis tracking systems across 12 sites, indicates that these advanced systems can deliver substantial energy gains while minimizing costs, aligning with the nation’s net-zero ambitions.
Floating Photovoltaic Technology: An Overview
Floating photovoltaic systems, commonly known as FPV, involve the installation of solar panels on floating platforms on various bodies of water, including lakes, reservoirs, and industrial ponds. This innovative approach not only conserves land but also capitalizes on the cooling effects of water, which can enhance solar panel efficiency by 5-15% compared to traditional ground-mounted systems. Furthermore, FPV systems reduce water evaporation, making them particularly advantageous in areas facing water scarcity. As of 2024, global FPV capacity is expected to surpass 13 GW, with a significant portion of this growth occurring in Asia.
Understanding Azimuthal Trackers
Azimuthal trackers are a type of single-axis tracking system that rotate solar panels horizontally around a north-south axis, allowing them to follow the sun’s east-west trajectory. Unlike tilt trackers, which adjust elevation, azimuthal systems are especially suited for FPV applications due to their buoyancy, enabling easier rotation mechanisms. Research indicates that these trackers can boost energy yields by 15-30% compared to fixed-tilt systems, particularly in cloudy climates like that of the UK, where they effectively capture diffuse sunlight.
Key Findings from the University of Exeter Study
The University of Exeter’s recent study highlights that azimuthal trackers outperform both fixed and tilt-only systems in terms of energy production and cost-effectiveness. The study demonstrated that their ability to adjust to varying sunlight angles mitigates energy losses associated with low irradiance, which is a common issue in the UK’s variable weather. This adaptability not only enhances energy output but also lowers the levelized cost of energy (LCOE), making azimuthal FPV systems a viable option for meeting the UK’s renewable energy targets.
Benefits and Challenges of Using Trackers in FPV Systems
- Increased Energy Production: Trackers can enhance yields by 17-26% through effective sun-tracking.
- Reduced Soiling: Proximity to water helps keep panels cleaner, reducing maintenance costs.
- Mechanical Efficiency: Buoyancy aids the mechanics of tracking systems, making them easier to operate.
- Challenges: Despite their benefits, trackers face issues such as wave-induced tilt losses and higher upfront costs (up to 25% of total investment).
Nonetheless, the Exeter study confirms that azimuthal trackers still excel in energy gains while maintaining competitive LCOE, demonstrating their potential for significant carbon savings—12.5% higher than traditional fixed FPV systems.
Global Context and Future Implications
While FPV systems have seen widespread adoption in Asia, Europe, including the UK, has been slower to embrace this technology. However, studies like the one from Exeter are paving the way for greater acceptance and implementation. Future prospects include the integration of FPV with hydropower systems, which could further enhance sustainability and reduce costs. Long-term data indicates that FPV systems exhibit degradation rates comparable to ground-mounted solar, at approximately 0.5-0.7% annually, ensuring their viability as a long-term renewable energy solution.
Conclusion: A Path Forward for Renewable Energy
The findings from the University of Exeter underscore the transformative potential of azimuthal trackers in floating solar applications. By enhancing energy efficiency and reducing costs, these innovations not only contribute to the UK’s renewable energy goals but also provide a scalable solution to global energy challenges. As the industry continues to evolve, the focus on integrating advanced technologies like azimuthal tracking will be crucial in driving the transition to sustainable energy systems.
